Effects of Music on Teenagers Free Essays

Azam Mirabdullaev Professor Christdas ESL 094-622 March 4, 2013 Effects of Music on Teenagers I emphatically concur that a significant number of today’s famous tunes allude to sex, medications, and savagery. I think these melodies are hurtful for adolescents, and must be removed the market. These melodies are causing a great deal of issues in our general public, for example, expanding pace of early pregnancy, sedate maltreatment, and viciousness among youngsters. We will compose a custom paper test on Impacts of Music on Teenagers or on the other hand any comparative subject just for you Request Now Moreover, these tunes task to young people that it is worthy and celebrated to carry on thusly. In the first place, the tunes that allude to sex are making numerous young people have early sex, which frequently prompts early pregnancies. More often than not early pregnancies frequently end up with premature births. In the United States of America the pace of pregnancies among youngsters have gone up around 20 percent over the most recent five years. As of late I was perusing an article in the New York Times about exploration which was done among secondary school young people. The examination has demonstrated that 90 percent of pregnant secondary school young ladies will wind up with premature births. Additionally, the exploration has demonstrated that youngsters whose iPods are loaded with music with boorish, sexual verses begin having intercourse sooner than the individuals who lean toward different tunes. Regardless of whether it is hip-jump, rap, pop or rock, quite a bit of well known music focused on young people contains sexual suggestions. Its effect on their conduct seems to rely upon how the sex is depicted, the analysts found. Melodies portraying men as â€Å"sex-driven studs,† ladies as sex objects and with unequivocal references to sex acts are bound to trigger early sexual conduct than those where sexual references are increasingly hidden and connections show up progressively dedicated. Adolescents who said they tuned in to bunches of music with debasing sexual messages were twice as prone to begin having sex or other sexual exercises inside the accompanying two years as were youngsters who tuned in to practically no explicitly corrupting music. In this manner, these tunes are contaminating our general public causing early sex and a great deal of premature births among young people. Also, tunes, which allude to viciousness, are expanding the pace of brutality among adolescents. Today’s most well known melodies instruct youngsters to be rough, to be intense. These melodies are one of the fundamental reasons adolescents are joining groups and carrying out wrongdoing in early years. Truth be told, each day we can see from the news an adolescent takes a weapon and shoots somebody. As per another examination distributed by the American Psychological Association, â€Å"The rough melody increments in forceful musings and sentiments have suggestions for certifiable brutality. Moreover, rehashed introduction to fierce verses may add to the advancement of a forceful character. I think these tunes pull youngsters from school and home into an existence of brutality. In this way, the tunes which allude to savagery must be removed the market. † Third, melodies that allude to drugs are expanding the degree of medication maltreatment among young people. The tunes, which allude to drugs, instruct youngsters that it is fine and exceptionally ordinary to utilize drugs. What's more, these tunes surmise that utilizing drugs makes you cool. As per the examination from the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, one of every three mainstream melodies alludes to medication or liquor use if an individual listens music about an hour the person will get 35 references to substance misuse. Moreover, study has demonstrated that young people are listening music to around 2. 5 hours every day. Thus, young people are finding out about 90 references to substance misuse a day. No big surprise that a large portion of the adolescents manhandling drugs. Taking everything into account, I need to state that melodies, which allude to sex, medications, and savagery, are exceptionally unsafe for adolescents and must be removed the market. These tunes are dirtying our general public and young people. Besides, these melodies are removing the stun an incentive from the young people, and harming their personalities and characters. At last, government offices must take proper activities against such melodies. The most effective method to refer to Effects of Music on Teenagers, Papers

Free Sample On Physical Examination And Health Assessment

Question: Talk about the Article on Physical Examination and Health Assessment? Answer: Wellbeing history evaluation alludes to the efficient examination of all variables applicable to a customers wellbeing, and the principle parts of such an appraisal are wellbeing history, physical assessment, records and reports and audit of formative, psychosocial and social contemplations (Jarvis, 2015). The reason for such appraisal is to distinguish interdisciplinary evaluation parameters and characterize the duties regarding arranging and conveying the suitable degree of care for meeting the patient needs and assessing the reaction of care (Wang et al. 2012). The current report is a wellbeing history appraisal and an impression of the points of view, activities, and practices so as to assess results. It depicts the experience of leading this wellbeing history. Wellbeing history evaluation Segment information Mercedes Garcia is a 70-year-old woman. She is a local of he United States. English is her subsequent language, and she battles with the discussion. He lives with her group of a child and his family. View of wellbeing She is 5' 1 in tallness, and she weighs 138 lbs. She has shed 2 pounds over the most recent two months. She has protests of summed up joint torment, and she prevents the necessity from securing anything to control the torment. She feels indications of angina while strolling for longer separation or taking up pressure. She expends liquor all the time. Past clinical history She experiences hypertension and heart illness. Family clinical history Her mom had kicked the bucket of heart failure at an early age. Her dad likewise experienced hypertension during his lifetime. Survey of frameworks Integumentary: The hair is for the most part dark in shading and flimsy. The skin is wrinkled and sketchy and arms and face. Nails are short long and the left feet thumb has nail somewhat stained. Facial skin gives indications of sun consume. Endocrine: The patient has thyroid issues and has shed pounds Respiratory: The patient experiences issues in breathing and gets such conditions especially while strolling fro quite a while. Cardiovascular: The patient has unpredictable heart thumps and gripes of chest torment now and again Genitourinary: The patient had two scenes of blood in the pee Neurologic: The patient experiences a regular cerebral pain and weakness Mental status: The patient is in acceptable psychological well-being and has no indications of dementia and melancholy, the two basic emotional wellness issues of mature age. Formative contemplations There are no formative contemplations right now. The patient is 70 years old. He is along these lines in the eight phase of life expectancy, that is, intelligence. In this age, an individual hinders his efficiency and investigates life in a casual way. The patient has additionally mulled over her achievements and can create trustworthiness as she has been having an effective existence. Social contemplations There are some social contemplations. The patient is from Hispanic foundation. Clear and compelling correspondence is essential when dealing with patients who are from some specific foundations. Correspondence prompts developing of deferential and confiding in connection among medical attendant and patient while tending to an older patient of Hispanic culture. Formal structures must be utilized for surveying the degree of cultural assimilation. Psychosocial contemplations The patient is worried about her wellbeing and needs to stay sound later on. Body framework for playing out a physical appraisal on- The two body frameworks for playing out a physical appraisal are circulatory framework and respiratory framework. Two instructing and learning need needs The instructing and learning need needs show restraint training on the executives of hypertension and end of drinking. Synergistic assets The patients family was met for the assortment of information. Reflection My connection with the patient was a satisfying one. I had learnt in my nursing school that for dealing with patients who are at the mature age, there should be persistence and tenderness appeared by the attendant. I encountered the equivalent while taking of this specific patient. As she was a multi year old woman and into the later phases of life, I must be a lot of delicate and kind with her so as to make no mischief the feelings. The entire discussion worked out in a good way, and I had the option to set up a solid relationship with her. She confided in me with her clinical subtleties and indicated trust in me. There was one obstruction to correspondence as she had a place from a Hispanic foundation and couldn't comprehend English well. Non-verbal prompts and signs were compelling in return of correspondence. I have discovered that non-verbal signals are compelling for correspondence and will utilize such methods in future. There were no as such unforeseen difficulties to the mee ting. I would direct such meetings with mich more consideration and subtleties later on. References Jarvis, C. (2015).Physical Examination and Health Assessment. Elsevier Health Sciences. Wang, C., Sen, A., Ruffin, M., Nease, D., Gramling, R., Acheson, L. et al. (2012). Family ancestry Assessment.American Journal Of Preventive Medicine,43(4), 392-398. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2012.06.013

How to Write the Common App Essay Prompt #6, 2019-2020 TKG

How to Write the Common App Essay Prompt #6, 2019-2020 We’re nearing the end! We’re running through each and every prompt option listed in the Common App 2019-2020 writing section. We’re on prompt #6 out of 7 prompts, which means you might have a good idea of which prompt you’re going to choose, or you might not have a clue and feel ravenously eager for more content. We get that. Let us present prompt #6 for your consideration, with some key suggestions. It’s a fun one.  6. Describe a topic, idea, or concept you find so engaging that it makes you lose all track of time. Why does it captivate you? What or who do you turn to when you want to learn more?If reading this prompt makes your mouth turn into a bit of a mischievous smile, then we’re on the same page. This prompt is asking you to get weird and that’s why we love it. Should you choose to answer this prompt, there are three rules that we have to encourage you to abide by:Whatever you choose needs to be absolutely nowhere else on your application.We’re serious. It sho uld feel a little out of the blue for the reader and a bit like a personality mic-drop. This is your chance to reveal your most frequented and excavated Wikipedia rabbit hole. It doesn’t need to perfectly and magically align with your academic interests. In fact, it probably shouldn’t. Show, don’t tell.A lot of students read the prompts very literally. While reading the question in full is crucial and a huge part of the application process (you’d be shocked by how many students don’t read carefully), the “why” here strikes us as a bit odd. Why something captivates you should be inherent and obvious in your response and the context that you provide to the reader. Let’s say you choose to write about theme parks. Joy. Funnel cake. Rollercoasters. You can’t get enough, and you’ve been working your way through the top 25 biggest rollercoasters in the world since you were tall enough to ride (48” for most U.S. coasters). You’ve checked eight off your list so far. S o, why does your stomach flip when you’re about to go down that huge rollercoaster drop? We’re not interested in the science behind why your stomach flips or the adrenaline rushâ€"we want to know how it makes you feel and the importance of that feeling.   Explaining that to the reader in a way so complete that they can basically smell your anxiety sweat (not really, gross), should encapsulate the “why” of it all.  Have fun.While the topic itself may not be funny or explicitly humorous, your tone should reflect what this particular topic gives you the opportunity to do: escape. No one loses track of time reading about insurance (although if you do, please send us an email, we’re dying to chat with you). The best way to answer this question is by employing the most powerful quality you have: radical genuineness. As for the last part of this question…don’t worry that much about answering it explicitly. “What or who do you turn to when you want to learn more?” What do es that even mean? It should be pretty obvious throughout your response who or what you look to in an effort to expand your understanding of the topic at hand. We can say with confidence that an admissions reader would rather read a pleasing story that flows through a beginning, middle, and end as opposed to a disjointed essay that *technically* answers each section of this prompt, piece-by-piece.  If you want to run your idea by us, we’re all ears (or eyes). We’d love to learn more about how you think.

New England and Chesapeake Regions Before 1700 - 718 Words

The New England and the Chesapeake regions were both settled by immigrants from England. However, by 1700 these regions developed into two extremely different societies. There were a few major reasons why this happened. Immigrants that settled in the New England region came to the New World with different goals than the immigrants that settled in the Chesapeake region. In general, the settlers in the Chesapeake region were more materialistic than the settlers in the New England region. Differences in goals, values, and beliefs caused the distinction between the two societies. First of all, the immigrants that settled in the New England region had different goals than those that settled in the Chesapeake region. Most settlers that†¦show more content†¦People in New England believed that everybody was equal and should work together as a community. This is seen in John Winthrops A Model of Christian Charity when he writes, We must be knit together in this work as one m an. The thought that everybody was equal is also shown in the second article of the Articles of Agreement, Springfield, Massachusetts, 1636, which states, We intend that our town shall be composed of forty families, . . . rich and poor. There wasShow MoreRelated New England And The Chesapeake Region Before 1700 Essay738 Words   |  3 PagesNew England And The Chesapeake Region Before 1700 Although New England and the Chesapeake region were both settled largely by the people of English origin, by 1700 the regions had evolved into two distinct societies. The reasons for this distinct development were mostly based on the type on people from England who chose to settle in the two areas, and on the manner in which the areas were settled. New England was a refuge for religious separatists leaving England, while people who immigratedRead MoreEvaluate the Differences Between the New England Colonies and the Chesapeake Colonies.730 Words   |  3 Pages1st Period 6 September, 2010 DBQ #1 Although both the New England Colonies (Rhode Island, Massachusetts, Connecticut, and New Hampshire), and the Chesapeake Colonies (Virginia and Maryland) were both settled by people of English origin, by 1700 they were both very distinct for a multitude of reasons; Three of which being, their economics, African Slave population, and their life expectancies. The New England colonies vs. the Chesapeake colonies had many differences in there economical make-upRead MoreDbq Although New England and the Chesapeake Region Were Both Settled Largely by of English Origin, by 1700 the Region Had Evolved Into Two Different Societies. Why Did This Difference in Development Occur?1229 Words   |  5 Pages DBQ ESSAY Question: Although New England and the Chesapeake region were both settled largely by of English origin, by 1700 the region had evolved into two different societies. Why did this difference in development occur? Thesis Statement: When talking about New England and the Chesapeake region, you have to consider the differences in motives and geography. Consider economic situations (reasons for settling where they did, reasons why they came to New England in the first place). One has toRead MoreSocial, Economic and Political Differences Between the New England and Chesapeake Colonies709 Words   |  3 PagesDuring colonial times, European nations quickly colonized the New World years after Columbus’ so called discovery. England in particular sent out a number of groups to the east coast of the New World to two regions. These areas were the New England and the Chesapeake regions. Later in the late 1700s, these two regions would go though many conflicts to come together as one nation. Yet, way before that would occur; these two areas developed into two distinct societies. These differences affected theRead MoreDifferences between New England and the Chesapeake Regions Essay803 Words   |  4 PagesDifferences Between New England and the Chesapeake regions Although the English settled into both the Chesapeake and New England regions, they had formed into two completely opposite communities. Both regions came to America for different purposes. Whether the founders of this land was to make a profit, farm more land, or seek religious freedom, they did it to please their own intentions. There were many differences between the two regions, however two main places where they were opposites, wereRead MoreDocument Based Question on the Colonies Essay1142 Words   |  5 Pagesand the search for a new world where people could start their lives anew and have a say in the way their society was run. After Christopher Columbuss discovery of the Americas, countries began to send colonies to settle and establish a presence in the vast and unconquered land. The English sent some of the largest amounts of immigrants to the new world. One English group that came over to the new world was that of the Separatist Puritans. The puritans were in search of a new land were they wouldRead MoreSocial, Economic, and Political Differences between the Southern Chesapeake Colonies and the New England Colonies952 Words   |  4 Pagesthere started a migration to the new world by people of English origin. This migration first started in the south known as the Chesapeake region. Further along, as social, political, and economic events occur, this migration expands north to what would eventually be known as New England. Before the 1700’s, the two regions evolved into two distinct societies because of their differences as to making money and religious views. The Chesapeake region and New England differed socially in many waysRead MoreChesapeake And New England Colonies Essay1819 Words   |  8 Pagescity to fall into the extremes of poverty and wealth. The New England community was so strong and so supportive in comparison to that of the Chesapeake Bay, that it is no wonder they developed into two distinctly different cultures before the year 1700. The Chesapeake region developed into a land of plantations and money-driven owners, with the elite wealthy, almost no middle class, and those in poverty creating the population. New England, on the other hand, had developed into a religion and familyRead MoreEssay on New England Vs. Chesapeake DBQ1306 Words   |  6 PagesNew England vs. Chesapeake While both the people of the New England region and of the Chesapeake region descended from the same English origin, by 1700 both regions had traveled in two diverse directions. Since both of these groups were beset with issues that were unique to their regions and due to their exposure to different circumstances, each was forced to rethink and reconstruct their societies. As a result, the differences in the motivation, geography, and government in the New England andRead More1993 Dbq New England vs. Chesapeake1314 Words   |  6 PagesNew England vs. Chesapeake While both the people of the New England region and of the Chesapeake region descended from the same English origin, by 1700 both regions had traveled in two diverse directions. Since both of these groups were beset with issues that were unique to their regions and due to their exposure to different circumstances, each was forced to rethink and reconstruct their societies. As a result, the differences in the motivation, geography, and government in the New England and

America During The Spanish American War - 1916 Words

America practiced the tradition of isolationism when it came to its foreign policy for 110 years. The foundation for isolationism is typically given credit to George Washington in his farewell speech when he states, â€Å"The great rule of conduct for us, in regard to foreign nations, is in extending our commercial relations, to have with them as little political connection as possible† America continued the policy of isolationism or non-interventionism up until the Spanish-American war. This is the first time in American history where significant foreign intervention is seen taking place. The Spanish-American war was brought on by Cuba struggling to gain independence from Spain. U.S newspapers used propaganda to lead citizen’s sentiments to side with Cuba. Spain had been portrayed as brutal and repressive against the Cuban rebels with their use of concentration camps and such. American opinion of Spain was already low, and this further enhanced that opinion. To make ma tters worse, a letter written by Spanish Minister Enrique Dupuy de Lome that spoke of President McKinley in an unfavorable way was published in U.S Newspapers. These events swayed public opinion of Spain in a very bad direction. On February 15th, 1898, the U.S.S Maine was blown up in the Havana Harbor killing over 200 men. Though it was never determined what actually caused the sinking of the ship, blame was placed on the Spanish. Newspapers used stories and drawing to enrage the American public evenShow MoreRelatedCause Of The Spanish American War1562 Words   |  7 PagesCauses of the Spanish-American War - In April of 1898, America declared war against Spain and this was a result of the sinking of the Battleship Maine in Havana in February of that same year. After months of war and wrangles, the war came to an end after the signing of the Treaty of Paris on the 10th of December in 1898.1 The end of the war saw that the Spaniards had loss complete control over majority of their remaining empires that were aboard including Cuba, Philippines Islands, Puerto Rico, andRead MoreYellow Press And Its Effects On The United States863 Words   |  4 PagesDuring the 1800’s expansion was taking place and many countries were trying to gain independence from colonies. This was a point in history when many countries wanted to gain to gain more land, resources, stronger militaries and overall power. At this time Cuba was controlled by Spain also known as the Spanish. Cubans wanted independence but the Spanish and their military forces were too powerful to defeat by themselves. The Spanish trea ted the Cubans very harsh by starting concentration camps. ManyRead MoreCause Of The Spanish American War1406 Words   |  6 PagesCauses of the Spanish-American War In April of 1898 America finally declared war against Spain and this was as a result of the sinking of the Battleship Maine in Havana in February of the same year. After months of war and wrangles, the war came to an end after the signing of the Treaty of Paris on 10th of December 1898.1 The end of the war saw the Spaniards loss complete control over majority of their remaining empires aboard including Cuba, Philippines Islands, Puerto Rico, and Guam among otherRead MoreThe Spanish American War s Impact On America892 Words   |  4 PagesThe Spanish American War’s Impact on America When addressing the Spanish-American War, and the changes that it ushered in for America, it’s important to look at more than just the war itself. The people involved in the war, weather individuals or groups of people, were the real force of change. From people who fought in the war itself, mindsets that emerged from the victory, or the economic advantages gained; all point to one important thing. America became a larger world power in the aftermath ofRead MoreSpanish American War1254 Words   |  5 PagesSpanish American War Essay Clara Barton: Her Opinion on the Spanish American War Clara Barton October 1st, 1901 Glen Elcho, Maryland Dear Teddy Roosevelt, I would like to congratulate and acknowledge you for you becoming President of the United States of America. You proved your worthiness and dedication when you made life-risking decisions on the battlefield for the Spanish American War. You volunteered as part of the cavalry and broughtRead MoreTaking a Look at the Spanish American War Essay945 Words   |  4 Pages During his presidency William McKinley said, â€Å"War should never be entered upon until every agency of peace has failed.† His message never fully reached the American people because in the late 19th century the people were longing for an opportunity to keep up with other empires and they took the first chance they approached. They saw war with Spain as a quick way to prove supremacy and saw plenty of benefits. The Spanish American war was inevitable for America because the people had a strong driveRead MoreThe Spanish American War Was A Conflict Between Spain And America919 Words   |  4 PagesThe Spanish-Am erican war was a conflict between Spain and America. It ended Spanish ruling in the Americas and resulted in the expansion of territories in the Pacific and Latin America for the US. During this period of imperialism, there were many influences driving the U.S. government. The war started with Cuba struggling to gain their independence from Spain. However, Spain rejected their notions by brutally stopping the Cuban rebellion. Newspapers began portraying Spain as spiteful and the sympathyRead MoreAmerican Expansion During The 19th Century1349 Words   |  6 PagesAmerican Expansion In the 19th century, America experienced an industrial revolution that changed its whole ideology of expansion. America experienced at huge growth in industry after the civil war. During the Gilded Age huge companies sprouted and new business were formed. The United States was quickly becoming a huge financial heaven for companies. Companies during that era started to invest in foreign countries. This led them to have more connections with foreign countries. The industries wouldRead MoreThe Liberator By Alberto Arvelo896 Words   |  4 Pagesliberation of Latin America during the 1800s as well as the various obstacles Simà ³n Bolà ­var had overcome in order to free his country. The Liberator was an impactful film that truly demonstrated the hardships and inferiority of indigenous life due to Spain s reign of dominance which drastically damaged the overall tone and development of many Latin Americans. Throughout the duration of the film, various themes such as inequality, nationali sm, and liberalism were present during Bolà ­var s war against theRead MoreThe Spanish American War Essay894 Words   |  4 PagesThe Spanish American War, also known as â€Å"The Splendid Little War,† was a short-lived conflict between the United States and Spain in 1898. This war was a pretext for the Philippines War. During this time period Spain had control over several territories within the Caribbean because they were still a colonial power. Although Spain had control of the territories of Cuba and the Philippines, the inhabitants began to grow more and more rebellious as time passed. With the tension building between

The Cause And Effect Of The Holocaust - 1811 Words

Angela Chou Mr. Folsom World History II Per.2 22 April 2015 The Cause and Effect of the Holocaust Throughout the endless history, there were lots of important and influential event. For example the Dark Age, Enlightenment, Civil War, World War I and II and the Cold War. Over all of these event, there was one event that deeply influence the world and the Jews today, it was the Holocaust. Holocaust, a term that people use to describe the horrible event that happened during World War II which kill millions of innocent citizens. The Holocaust started at January 13, 1933, when Hitler became the leader of Germany. It continued until the V - E Day, which happened on May 8, 1945. 6 million Jews, and 5 million non-Jews were killed during the Holocaust. The causes and effect of the Holocaust was Hitler’s racism, poor economic conditions, and the death of 6 million Jews which led to the creation of the nation of Israel. One of the main reasons that caused the Holocaust was the racism of Hitler. â€Å"But that there was a conflict with his father arising from his unwillingness to follow a career in the civil service. And that his father found fault with his son’s indolent and purposeless existence, in which drawing appeared to be his main interest, seem certain. (Source 1, Page 18) The childhood of Hitler caused him to become racist and had the hatred toward the Jews. Alois Hitler, father of Adolf Hitler, wants Hitler to study politics; However, Adolf Hitler, wished to study art. Hitler’sShow MoreRelatedEssay on Causes Effects of the Holocaust1422 Words   |  6 PagesCauses Effects of the Holocaust There are times in history when desperate people plagued by desperate situations blindly give evil men power. These men, once given power, have only their own evil agendas to carry out. The Holocaust was the result of one such mans agenda. In short simplicity, shear terror, brutality, inhumanity, injustice, irresponsibility, immorality, stupidity, hatred, and pure evil are but a few words to describe the Holocaust. A holocaust is defined as a disaster thatRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder During The Holocaust Essay1297 Words   |  6 Pages PTSD in Holocaust Survivors The Nazis killed over six million Jews and millions of other Polish and Soviet civilians in the Holocaust. They also killed gypsies, physically and mentally disabled people and homosexuals. The number of survivors today are quickly dwindling down. Clinical psychologist Natan Kellermann defines a Holocaust survivor as any Jew who lived under Nazi occupation and was threatened by the â€Å"final solution† (Kellermann 199). This definition can be applied to not only Jews, butRead More`` Maus `` By Art Spiegelman And The 1997 Film Of Life Is Beautiful1557 Words   |  7 Pagesthe Holocaust. Maus, although presented as a graphic novel, strongly depicts the story of Vladek, a Holocaust survivor through his son’s recollection of the unfortunate events that occurred to him while evidently containing a torn relationship due to the effects of surviving one of the most tragic events in history. Whereas the film, Life is Beautiful portrays the tale of a Jewish family told by the forever appreciate son, Joshua, of Guido who creatively distorted the reality of the Holocaust to preserveRead MoreEssay on The Holocaust: The Concentration Camps1484 Words   |  6 PagesHolocaust is the most terrible human action in the history. It absolutely marks the ending of the previous mentality of human-beings. Therefore, a new round of discovery of evilness of human nature has been established. Best uncovering the truth of Holocaust will help prevent the furthur destuction of humanism, which is the most important mission of the society after World War II. There are many sources of Holocaust trying to best uncover the truth, such as the inhabitant’s experience of the immediateRead MoreThe Holocaust And Its Importance1382 Words   |  6 Pages Mrs Keeley ENG 111-4201L 08 April 2016 Remembering The Holocaust and its Importance In history, there has been many important events that were brought about to make the world as we know it today. One of the most important eve nts was world war II. This was a war that had many countries battling each other to try and stop the spread of communism. However, for one country it would have an everlasting impact on their history based on the massacre that happened during that time. Adolf Hitler was a viciousRead MoreThe s Argument That The Holocaust Is Only Available Through Representation758 Words   |  4 Pageslearning from traumatic experiences. Miller references Susan Suleiman’s argument that the Holocaust is â€Å"only available through representation†. Suleiman made this argument in response to Holocaust deniers who claim that fictitious memoirs confirm the inexistence of the Holocaust. However, the point supports the idea that art, including literature, allows the public to experience something like the Holocaust that otherwise would be not be available to experience. On the other hand, Miller successfullyRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Night And The Movie 1564 Words   |  7 Pagesthrough major changes due to their experiences of the Holocaust, a period in history no man would want to envision. Schindler’s List is created to convey a different side for the tragic time in history, an ordinary businessman. This businessman, Oskar Schindler, wants to prove that there will be hope in this desperate time. However, the motive behind Night is different. In Night, the author Elie Wiesel aims to describe his experiences in the Holocaust to avoid the past from reoccurring. Hence, NightRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Maus 864 Words   |  4 PagesSpiegalman’s experience to be his best credential. Maus is a graphic novel that depicts basically a cat and mouse representation of the Holocaust. A graphic novel as defined by Webster’s dictionary is a â€Å"fictional story that is presented in comic strip format and published as a book.â⠂¬ (1) Maus tells the story of Spiegelmans father, and his experience as a Jew during the Holocaust. A subtopic within the novel includes Spiegelman interviewing his father, Vladek, and getting him to tell his story. All of theRead MoreThe Dark Times Of The Holocaust1088 Words   |  5 Pagesthe world every single day history is being made. And after a few moments, that’s just what it is-history. We can either learn from our mistakes over time, or we can recreate them. Most people think it’s best to learn from the dark times of the Holocaust then to relive them. Courage and bravery are great characteristics to have, but when you hold too much of them in you it will take you over. It will control you and take your whole body over slowly. Lots of historians believe this is what happenedRead MoreThe holocaust959 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Year 10 Humanities 2013 Unit 2: World War 2 Task 2 The Holocaust The Causes of the Holocaust The Process of the Holocaust In 1933, the Jewish population of Europe stood at over nine million. Most European Jews lived in countries that Germany would occupy during World War II. By 1945, the Germans killed nearly two out of every three European Jews as part of the Final Solution, the Nazi policy to murder the Jews of Europe. Although Jews, whom the Nazis deemed a priority danger to

How should Shylock be regarded as a victim, a villain or something else Essay Example For Students

How should Shylock be regarded: as a victim, a villain or something else Essay Shylock is one of the main protagonists in Shakespeares The merchant of Venice. He plays an important role in the story as it is he who first lends Antonio money and the story spiralled from there. Throughout the story there are many occasions where Shylocks actions make him seem to be a villain but there are also occasions where he seems to be a Victim. Shylocks character was wholly based upon a stereotypical Jew but this was not necessarily how Jews actually were. In the times when Shakespeare wrote this play there were not many Jews in England. This meant that Shakespeare would have had to of created Shylock from what others said Jewish people were like, from word of mouth. This helps to understand why shylock is mainly portrayed as a villain because in Shakespeares times Jews did not have a very good reputation. England was a very Christian country and Jewish beliefs were thought to be wrong and were scorned upon. This is probably why Shylock was portrayed as the bad man, Shakespeare would probably not have known a Jewish person and so created the character on what Jews were rumoured to be like. Shakespeare does, however, manage to make Shylock a very realistic character; he gives him feelings and sometimes shows that shylock can be a victim. In the 16th centaury usury (lending money whilst charging interest) was thought to be wrong. It was thought to be wrong by Christians because through it people made money without working for it, Christians thought that you had to earn money not just be given it. This gave Jews a very bad reputation because they were usually the people who used usury to make a living. Shylock was no exception, he used usury and had quite a good life because of it but by doing this he brought a bad reputation upon himself. This reputation preceded him and would have made it almost impossible to be respected by Christians. Christians thought Shylock was wrong to do this and so he was thought by them to be a villain. Really he was just doing what he could to earn a living. This leads me to believe that the Christians were treating Shylock wrong and here he was a victim. When Shylock lent money to Antonio he did not charge interest on the loan but he did set up a bond. The bond was that Antonio had to pay back the 3000 duckets within 3 months or Shylock would be able to have one pound of Antonios flesh. This bond may sound like a joke but Shylock was deadly serious. Generous he may have been not to charge interest but there was a more sinister side to the bond. When setting up the bond Shylock was taking a long shot at trying to kill and get revenge on Antonio. In the past Antonio had treated Shylock with no respect at all: You call me misbeliever, cut-throat, dog, And spit upon my Jewish gaberdine, Here it shows how mean Antonio had been to Shylock. This treatment makes Shylock hate Antonio and all Christians. However it seems that this is not the only reason why Shylock hates Antonio: I hate him for he is a Christian, But more for that in low simplicity He lends out money gratis and brings down The rate of usance here with us in Venice. This shows that shylock is incredibly greedy; he hates Antonio because he gives out loans without charging interest thus reducing Shylocks business. This shows what Shylock values in life, his money and business were his two main concerns. These two facts make Shylock seek revenge and here he shows his true intentions when lending the money: If I can catch him once upon the hip, I will feed fat the ancient grudge I bear him. By saying this it really shows that Shylock wanted to take a long shot at getting Antonio, he knew there was only a remote chance of his plan working but because of his pure hatred for Antonio he was willing to take the chance. .ue20f6796ffee3c3e6f3b0862c15f8f3b , .ue20f6796ffee3c3e6f3b0862c15f8f3b .postImageUrl , .ue20f6796ffee3c3e6f3b0862c15f8f3b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue20f6796ffee3c3e6f3b0862c15f8f3b , .ue20f6796ffee3c3e6f3b0862c15f8f3b:hover , .ue20f6796ffee3c3e6f3b0862c15f8f3b:visited , .ue20f6796ffee3c3e6f3b0862c15f8f3b:active { border:0!important; } .ue20f6796ffee3c3e6f3b0862c15f8f3b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue20f6796ffee3c3e6f3b0862c15f8f3b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue20f6796ffee3c3e6f3b0862c15f8f3b:active , .ue20f6796ffee3c3e6f3b0862c15f8f3b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue20f6796ffee3c3e6f3b0862c15f8f3b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue20f6796ffee3c3e6f3b0862c15f8f3b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue20f6796ffee3c3e6f3b0862c15f8f3b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue20f6796ffee3c3e6f3b0862c15f8f3b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue20f6796ffee3c3e6f3b0862c15f8f3b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue20f6796ffee3c3e6f3b0862c15f8f3b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue20f6796ffee3c3e6f3b0862c15f8f3b .ue20f6796ffee3c3e6f3b0862c15f8f3b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue20f6796ffee3c3e6f3b0862c15f8f3b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Why is Act I Scene V of Romeo and Juliet an effective piece of drama? How is this an important scene in the drama as a whole? EssayThis plot is clearly revealed to the audience watching or reading the play, it immediately makes Shylock seam to be a villain or the evil conspirer in the play. Shakespeare deliberately makes Shylock seem to be the nasty character, he may have done this because he didnt like Jews and wanted to mock them but he also cleverly gives Shylock at least one none biased reason for hating Antonio. He looks at both sides of the culture clash and shows that Christians could be evil as well. This particular conspiracy was not the only plot shylock tried to use. In the court, as the situation was starting to look bleak for him, shylock tried to use blackmail to persuade the court onto his side. He did this by threatening to damage the name of Venices justice system: And by our holy Sabbath have I sworn To have the due and forfeit of my bond. If you deny it, let the danger light Upon your charter and your citys freedom. This is definitely blackmail, he is basically saying that if he didnt get what he wanted then he would tell many people outside Venice that it is corrupt and the law is worthless. This would have been a big problem for Venice as their trading would be affected and so it was a substantial threat. In the end the threat did not do Shylock any good as the lawyer representing Antonio was excellent and in the end the threats were forgotten as more serious claims were brought against Shylock. Shylocks strict Jewish Faith and beliefs stopped him from socialising with Christians but it also pushed others away. Here I am referring to his daughter Jessica. Throughout her life she had her fathers beliefs enforced on her and she didnt have a choice in religion. He treated her with no real respect and completely took her for granted. All of this drove Jessica away from her father; she did not care for Jewish ways but, at first, went along with it to please her father. She later fell in love with a Christian called Lancelot. Even dating a Christian was strictly forbidden by the Jewish faith and so she was strictly breaking the rules. She decided that shed had enough and that want to live with her father. She loved Lancelot, so she ran away with him. This alone would have been enough to break Shylocks heart but when leaving Jessica also stole a large amount of Shylocks jewels and money. When Shylock found out about Jessicas actions he was outraged and made some very negative and characterising comments: I would my daughter were dead at my foot, and the jewels in her ear! Would she were hearsed at my foot and the ducats in her coffin! This shows how much he cared for his daughter; he would not care if she was dead as long as he had his jewels. This also shows how much of a miser he was; he valued his wealth above all else. This could just have been said in the heat of the moment; Shylock was very shocked and disgraced after having heard about what his daughter did and might have said things that he did not mean. The way that Shylock treated his daughter was not right, he did not give her any freedom and took her very much for granted but he paid for this severely by loosing both Jessica and his valuables. Throughout the story Shylock was always the outsider and was portrayed as an alien. In the trial scene Shylock was not called Shylock very often but was usually referred to as simply The Jew. Today this kind of discrimination would be regarded as racism and would seem very unjust. However, shylocks situation was very different. The out casting was probably because of his strict Jewish faith and he brought it upon himself. One example of this kind of behaviour from shylock was when Antonio invited him to eat with him and Shylock refused the offer very rudely: I will not eat with you, drink with you, nor pray with you Statements like this made Shylock an alien, he created most of his enemies through his own actions. If he had been kinder and had tried harder to blend in more, to get on with people regardless of their religious background then the Christians may have been kinder towards him and maybe would have treated him better. .u235a9d97d0e2bf322070cd9ae00380a4 , .u235a9d97d0e2bf322070cd9ae00380a4 .postImageUrl , .u235a9d97d0e2bf322070cd9ae00380a4 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u235a9d97d0e2bf322070cd9ae00380a4 , .u235a9d97d0e2bf322070cd9ae00380a4:hover , .u235a9d97d0e2bf322070cd9ae00380a4:visited , .u235a9d97d0e2bf322070cd9ae00380a4:active { border:0!important; } .u235a9d97d0e2bf322070cd9ae00380a4 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u235a9d97d0e2bf322070cd9ae00380a4 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u235a9d97d0e2bf322070cd9ae00380a4:active , .u235a9d97d0e2bf322070cd9ae00380a4:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u235a9d97d0e2bf322070cd9ae00380a4 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u235a9d97d0e2bf322070cd9ae00380a4 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u235a9d97d0e2bf322070cd9ae00380a4 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u235a9d97d0e2bf322070cd9ae00380a4 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u235a9d97d0e2bf322070cd9ae00380a4:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u235a9d97d0e2bf322070cd9ae00380a4 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u235a9d97d0e2bf322070cd9ae00380a4 .u235a9d97d0e2bf322070cd9ae00380a4-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u235a9d97d0e2bf322070cd9ae00380a4:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: An Inspector Calls Report EssayIn the court Shylock did not come out with the outcome he wanted, in fact he got nearly the exact opposite to what he wanted. Antonios lawyer (Portia) was very good and managed to prove to the court that Shylock wanted to kill Antonio. This then led to Shylock receiving none of his bond and other punishments. These punishments were very harsh, they were that firstly Shylock would have to give half of his wealth to Antonio, the other half had to be given to his daughter and Lancelot when Shylock died and the worst punishment of all was that he had to become a Christian. These punishments hit Shylock hard, his faith which he had devoted his life to had to be changed, he had to give his wealth to his enemy and to his daughter who betrayed him. I think that the punishments were a bit to harsh but I can also see that Shylock brought it upon himself. If he had not so relentlessly sought after getting Antonio then he probably would not have had any of the punishments. Overall I believe that Shylock is both a victim and a villain. He is more of a villain though, he would not have been a victim in any case if he had not been so stubborn, arrogant and unkind in the first place. In some places the Christians might have been unkind but in most Shylock brought what he got upon himself, it was his own doing. The punishments in all cases were very harsh but as said before he did bring it all upon himself. I believe that he got more than he deserved for what he did but cannot give him any sympathy because it was his own fault.

About sylvia barret free essay sample

Sylvia Barrett: the first-person narrative as a way of characterizing a hero The main character of this book is Sylvia Barret, she is a recent college graduate, and works as a high school English teacher. Sylvia would like to work in a nice private school, like so many of her friends. Instead Sylvia takes a Job with the board of education, in a nieve attempt to reach out to the under privileged inner-city children in public schools. Sylvia battles with so many choices in this book. In the end she makes the right ones. Sylvia Barret, a new teacher is starting her first day in room 304. She finds out that teaching isnt all that she thought it would be. Her first friend is Bea a veteran teacher who helps Sylvia out by explaining how Calvin Coolidge high works. The writer takes all the craziness of a normal high school and embellishes them; for instance the school guidance counselor is always using big words and thinks all the students need help. We will write a custom essay sample on About sylvia barret or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page And Mr. Mchabe the administrative assistant who is nosy about everything. The Janitor who is never available. The students are also exaggerated, the slut who needs to be next to two boys boys at once in class. The student government organization president, he always is looking for a vote. This book shows how Sylvia works hard for the kids and they could care less. She thinks shes doing right by them and is always trying to help out. Sylvia rights to her best friend Ellen, who has a husband and daughter (Which is what Sylvia dreams of one day having) to tell her about Calvin Coolidge. It seems in every letter her attitude and opinion change. First she hates it, then she loves it.

RHEUMATIC Essays - Medicine, RTT, Clinical Medicine, Health

RHEUMATIC Essays - Medicine, RTT, Clinical Medicine, Health RHEUMATIC FEVER Neelakantan Viswanathan It is an acute inflammatory disease of children and young adults caused by infection with pharyngeal strains of Group A beta haemolytic streptococci (serotypes 3,5,18,24). It is not due to a direct infection or toxin production but due to an autoimmune reaction triggered by molecular mimicry between the M proteins of the infecting Streptococcus pyogenes and cardiac myosin and the sarcolemmal membrane protein, laminin. During active carditis, helper CD4 lymphocytes increase in number and the ratio of CD4 to CD8 cells increase in the heart valves and peripheral blood. All patients with acute rheumatic fever demonstrate a non-HLA alloantigen which is expressed on the B cells (D8/17). HLA DR1,2,3,4,7 and 53 have also been linked to acute rheumatic fever. The mean age of onset is 5-15 years being prevalent in the developing world and is rare in Europe and North America. The time taken for rheumatic fever to develop after an attack of streptococcal pharyngitis is about 2 weeks. It is said to" lick" the joints but "bite" the heart. The other organs affected are the central nervous system and the skin. Overcrowding and poor sanitation may augment the spread amongst people. Valvular heart disease that is chronic and progressive is the end result in about 50 % of those affected. There is no gender predilection but mitral stenosis and chorea occur more commonly in females. About 1.5 million people have rheumatic heart disease in India but the incidence is declining nowadays due to improvement in sanitation. It is a pancarditis affecting all layers of the heart.The characteristic lesion is the Aschoff nodule, composed of multinucleated giant cells, having elongated nuclei with distinct chromatin pattern, surrounded by macrophages and T lymphocytes,occurring in the subendocardium of the left ventricle, and consists of a granulomatous lesion with an area of central fibrinoid necrosis. Anichkov's myocytes are cells containing these elongated "caterpillar" or "owl- eye" nuclei. Mac Callum's patch in the left atrial wall above the posterior mitral valve leaflet, which is thick and rough, is a predisposing lesion for infective endocarditis, where vegetations form. Small vegetations may occur on the endocardium (on the valves) and valvular regurgitation results to a certain degree. A serofibrinous effusion may occur in the pericardium. During the acute inflammation, subcutaneous nodules and synovitis occur. The large joints are affected as opposed to predominant small joints involvement in rheumatoid arthritis. Diagnosis of acute rheumatic fever is based on revised Duckett Jones criteria (1992) which requires the presence of at least two major or one major with two minor criteria to make a diagnosis, associated with evidence of a preceding streptococcal infection. MAJOR CRITERIA: 1. Carditis 2. Polyarthritis 3. Subcutaneous nodules 4. Erythema marginatum 5. Chorea MINOR CRITERIA: 1. Arthralgia 2. Fever 3. Leucocytosis 4. Elevated ESR and/or C-reactive protein 5. Prolonged PR interval in electrocardiogram ( First degree heart block) 6. Previous rheumatic fever EVIDENCE OF PRECEDING STREPTOCOCCAL INFECTION: A history of recent scarlet fever or ASLO titre (anti-stretolysin O titre > 250 Todd units in adults and > 333 in children or a positive rapid streptococcal antigen test. Other streptococcal antibodies are anti- hyaluronidase , anti- DNase and anti-streptokinase or a positive Streptozyme test. Throat cultures, if positive , for streptococci would be ideal. In this part of the world, we encounter many other manifestations of rheumatic fever as 1.Rheumatic pneumonia or pleural effusions 2.Abdominal pain (due to mesenteric adenitis commonly) 3.Epistaxis ( recurrent) Clinical features: CARDITIS : is classically a pancarditis characterized by pericarditis, myocarditis and endocarditis.It may be manifested by chest pain, pericardial rub and effusion , tachycardia out of proportion to fever , muffled heart sounds, gallop, low cardiac output and rarely syncope. Cardiomegaly and a "mushy" quality of the first heart sound are also encountered. Endocarditis is characterized by fever and changing murmurs. A murmur of mitral regurgitation is the most common while Carey Coombs murmur ( mid diastolic murmur at the apex) due to acute rheumatic valvulitis and a murmur of aortic regurgitation may also occur. Congestive heart failure with hepatic congestion are recognized features. Echocardiographically, since the left ventricular systolic function is preserved the cardiac failure is due to valve dilatation and not due to myocarditis. ST-T wave changes, reduction in QRS voltages, first degree AV block and other conduction defects may feature in the electrocardiogram . SUBCUTANEOUS NODULES: usually occur over bony prominences as olecranon, external occipital protuberance and vertebral bodies.They measure 0.5-2 cm in size. They go hand in hand with carditis and are firm and painless. They may also occur over joints and tendons. They have a histological pattern resembling Aschoff nodules. ARTHRITIS: is classically a polyarthritis which is

Memorandum Law Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Memorandum Law - Assignment Example Goodchild would inherit the townhouse absolutely. Mr. Andrews has subsequently attempted to revoke these gifts. The main legal issues are therefore whether or not Mr. Andrews has established trusts or absolute gifts and if so, whether or not he is at liberty to revoke these trusts/gifts. In order to determine whether or not the gifts/trusts can be revoked it will be necessary to ascertain whether or not Andrews has the power to revoke the gifts as a settlor or otherwise. Rules/Authority It is a general principle of the law of equity and trust that once an express trust is created it cannot be reversed by the settlor.1 However, in the event a settlor reserves unto himself the power to revoke a trust, and he decides to exercise that power, the trust property will revert back to the settlor.2 In addition, the doctrine of donatio mortis causa may have a role to play in the settlor’s right to revoke a gift.3 By virtue of the doctrine of mortis causa, a settlor transfers property to a donee in contemplation of his death and with the understanding that the property will be held by the donee absolutely upon the settlor’s death.4 In other words, a gift made with the intention that the donee obtains absolute title upon the donor’s death is distinguished from an inter vivos absolute gift.5 Therefore the consequence of such a gift is that the donor may revoke the gift if he does not die. There is one caveat: the gift must be made in contemplation of pending death, not in contemplation of death at some future speculative time in the future.6 Where the death is speculative the gift is â€Å"inter vivos but conditional on death†.7 Thus the only method of revocation of the intervivos gift conditional upon the death of the donor is by an express provision of revocation in the trust instrument or transfer deed or by expressly resuming possession of the property transferred.8 At its heart, the main question for determining whether or not a trust can be revoked or trust property recalled is determining whether or not the settlor intended to divest himself completely and absolutely of the trust property.9 In this regard, the doctrine of resulting trust will be significant. In general it is the common intentions of the settlor and the trustee’s of the trust. A resulting trust arises to transfer property back to the settlor when both the trustee and the settlor are aware that the settlor did not intend to transfer the property absolutely to the trustee or that the trustee treats the property in a manner that is inconsistent with the donor’s intention.10 Thus resulting trusts operates on the conscience of the parties.11 Application to the Facts The gifts of the townhouses to Andrews’ children Colleen and Brian appear to be gifts only intended to take effect upon Andrews’ death. This was expressly noted in the attorney’s letter to the children and represents the terms upon which they accepted the gift of the townhouse. However, there is no evidence that Andrews made the gift in contemplation of death as he merely said that he was at a place financially where he wanted to pass his wealth along. As such the doctrine of donatio mortis causa will not be an available ground for Mr. Andrews to force the return of the gifts to him. There is no evidenc

IRR v. MIRR Valuation Methods Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

IRR v. MIRR Valuation Methods - Research Paper Example However, the MIRR valuation method still exhibits a number of limitations noticeable with the use of IRR technique, for instance, its inability to value investments that are mutually exclusive. Additionally, the teaching of both IRR and MIRR in learning institutions has been a cause of concern, with claims that the IRR technique has had more attention at the expense of the MIRR valuation method. This paper focuses on analyzing IRR and MIRR with regard to major issues of concern, emerging issues, factors that have been instrumental in the understanding of IRR and MIRR in class situations, and present and future applications of the two valuation methods. Keywords: IRR (Internal Rate of Return), MIRR (Modified Internal Rate of Return), NPV (Net Present Value) Table of Contents Abstract 2 Table of Contents 3 introduction 3 Main issues in IRR 4 Main issues in MIRR 6 New Learning in IRR 6 New Learning in MIRR 7 Class activities that have facilitated learning and understanding of IRR and MI RR 8 Specific current and future applications and 8 relevance in the workplace 8 Conclusion 10 References 11 introduction The pertinent question in the discussion about IRR and MIRR valuation methods lies in the differences that exist between the two investment appraisal methods. The chief difference in IRR and MIRR valuation methods is traceable to the factors that come into play when calculating the value of an investment with either of the methods. More specifically, the IRR valuation methods, which is more traditional form of the two, measures the worth of an investment with emphasis on internal factors, conspicuously overlooking the impact of interest rates and inflationary impact on the value of an investment. On the contrary, MIRR is a valuation technique that seeks to mitigate the impact of limitations brought about by IRR (Eagle, et al., 2008, p. 70). Just as the name implies, MIRR valuation method is a modification of the IRR valuation method. MIRR allows the value of the investment under query to show the impact of both future and present value of currencies at different times in the life of a project. Largely, IRR technique is an optimistic view on the value of an investment, while the MIRR is a more realistic view on the present and future value of an investment and is deemed more accurate than IRR valuation method (Kierulff, 2008, p. 328). This paper explores the variations between the IRR and MIRR valuation method at length, while taking into account the main issues surrounding the valuation techniques and the future and present applications of the methods. Main issues in IRR The major issue surrounding the IRR valuation method is the method’s inconsideration of environmental factors that have an impact on the value of an investment. The IRR approach compares the net present value of cash inflows and outflows. The point at which the negative cash flows and positive cash flows become equal is the IRR value. Another way to look at the valua tion equation is the point at which the difference between cash inflows and cash outflows equate to zero. In establishing what project to undertake in a scenario where the different projects are under comparison, the project with the highest internal rate of return gets preference over the rest of the projects. Even under this consideration, the IRR value has to exceed the cost of capital rate for the project to be economically viable (Kelleher & MacCormack, 2004, p. 1). Despite its contribution to

Terrorism and Ordinary People Essay Example for Free

Terrorism and Ordinary People Essay How to Defeat Terrorism Terrorism is a tactic used by a small set of extremists to fight against an overwhelmingly powerful opponent while surrounded by a large population that mostly just wants peace and quiet. Terrorism can be defeated. To do this, ï ¬ rst we need to understand how terrorists are kept away in the best case, then how terrorists can ï ¬ ght against this mechanism, and ï ¬ nally what works and what doesn’t work to foil those aims. The Thin Blue Line Although terrorists are not merely criminals, it is helpful to think about what keeps criminals under control in our society. Ask any police ofï ¬ cer: it is not the police and the courts who keep criminals at bay. It is the society as a whole. It is the ordinary people who call the police when they hear a problem starting. It is the ordinary people who trust the police and cooperate with them to bring criminals to justice. The â€Å"thin blue line† only works when it is backed up by the vast majority of ordinary people. This, by the way, is why police brutality is so damaging to law and order in our society. If ordinary people lose trust in the police, they won’t call and they won’t cooperate. If they fear that calling the police to quiet down a loud party could result in their neighbors’ kids being shot dead, they won’t call. And they also won’t cooperate in more serious cases. Without community backup, the â€Å"thin blue line† starts to feel very thin indeed. And criminals become bolder. Law Enforcement Executive Forum †¢ 2006 †¢ 6(5) 189 Likewise with terrorists. Terrorists are defeated when the large majority of the community feels that they can trust the local authorities to maintain law and order and work for the common good. Then, ordinary people will turn the terrorists in to the authorities when, or even before, they strike. The Unabomber was an insane but highly intelligent man living alone in the woods, writing a manifesto, and killing and maiming people with mail bombs. After his manifesto was published, he was turned in to the FBI by his brother, who recognized the writing and made the correct but agonizing decision to be loyal to society over blood. We can only wish that a relative or neighbor of Timothy McVeigh had been in a position to make a similar decision before he struck in Oklahoma City. In even the best, most civilized, law-abiding society one can imagine, there will be small numbers of extremists tempted by terrorist tactics. Ideally, the vast majority of people will see them as marginal nut-cases and will report them to trusted authorities if they show signs of turning extreme ideas into dangerous action. Terrorist acts can never be totally eliminated, but a cohesive community that trusts its authorities can defeat a continuing terrorist movement. One Man’s Terrorist Is Another Man’s Freedom-Fighter But what if the society is not civilized? What if the authorities are hated and feared rather than trusted? Then, the true terrorist can always ï ¬ nd support and hiding places among sympathizers who are not willing to become terrorists themselves but are not willing to support the authorities either. The terrorists’ best strategy is to drive a wedge between the people and the authorities. Then, the â€Å"thin blue line† becomes thinner and weaker. The ordinary people, or at least some of them, protect and support those they see as ï ¬ ghting for freedom, religious faith, patri otism, or some other deep value, against overwhelming odds. The biggest danger to the terrorist is the trust the people have in the authorities. As that trust is weakened or destroyed, the terrorists gain strength and freedom of action. Their primary goal must be to eliminate the trust between the people and the authorities. How can they act most effectively to eliminate that trust? Here is where the meaning of terrorist violence is often misunderstood. The classic terrorist act is to blow up some innocent victims, but the actual destruction is not the goal, in a military sense. There is a symbolic goal of showing that the more-powerful enemy can be touched and deeply harmed, but even that is not the real goal. The real goal is to provoke massive retaliation. The tiny group of terrorists who actually committed the act may escape entirely, may take casualties, or may even be entirely destroyed, but the larger terrorist movement feeds on the retaliation. The important thing (from the terrorists’ perspective) is for the massive retaliation to harm many people in the general population, even among their own supporters. The point is to incite the authorities to act in a way that erodes the people’s trust in them. The people lose trust; the terrorists are seen as freedom-ï ¬ ghters; and they gain support, cover, strength, and freedom of action. From the terrorists’ perspective, the more horrible the original strike, the better, since it will provoke a more drastic retaliation. And the more horrible the retaliation, the better, since it will destroy the people’s trust in the authorities and strengthen the terrorists. From the terrorists’ perspective, the actual damage to their own people is a beneï ¬ t, not a cost, of terrorist action. Those Who Do Not Learn from History Are Condemned to Repeat It Sadly, case studies of this strange dynamic are easy to come by, once you realize what to look for. Israel-Palestine The Israeli-Palestinian conï ¬â€šict is a textbook case. There is no military beneï ¬ t to a suicide bomber killing people at a cafe, a wedding, or on a bus. The beneï ¬ t to Hamas comes from the massive retaliation, killing the innocent along with the guilty, bulldozing homes and farms, and creating major economic hardship for the large masses of Palestinians who would gladly live in pea ce with Israel. Israel pegs the price of peace to stopping the terrorists, which ordinary Palestinians have no way of doing. And the immediate impact of the retaliation is to solidify hatred against the Israelis. (We’re long past the point of talking about â€Å"trust† here.) So, Hamas has reached the successful point of being able to provoke the Israeli Army to act to build up its strength among the Palestinians. The vicious cycle in that region is that hardliners in Israel use precisely the same method. When Israeli extremists create new settlements in Palestinian territory or commit terrorist acts against ordinary Palestinians, they provoke the strongest retaliation the Palestinians are capable of, which is more suicide bombers to slaughter innocents among the ordinary people of Israel. This eliminates any trust in the Palestinian authorities (small a) and solidiï ¬ es hatred against Palestine. This elegant pair of mutually reinforcing feedback cycles strengthens terrorism on both sides and makes the chances for peace remote. Iraq Now let’s think about Iraq. Terrorists strike U.S. troops, provoking retaliation. The retaliation almost certainly involves collateral damage, eroding trust in Americans and inï ¬â€šaming hatred. By now, this cycle should look familiar. The terrorists’ goal is the erosion of trust in the U.S. authorities and our attempt to rebuild Iraq, even more than physical destruction. It’s hard to imagine Al Qaeda coming up with something more effective than the pictures from Abu Ghraib prison for destroying the trust of the ordinary Iraqi people in the civil authority of the U.S. troops. Because this abuse does such direct strategic damage to our mission in Iraq, the soldiers directly involved must be punished, of course, but so should the entire chain of command. Since our overall mission explicitly requires winning the hearts and minds of the Iraqi people, it is military professional malpractice to fail to anticipate the pressures on the front-line troops and put discipline in place to prevent such abuse. This abuse is due to more than â€Å"a few bad apples,† but even if it were only that, a military commander is responsible for knowing that a few soldiers may be â€Å"bad apples† and having controls in place to prevent them from acting out. The decapitation of Nick Berg was a miscalculation on the terrorists’ part. (They aren’t all geniuses either, of course!) Ordinary Iraqis were revolted and offended by having this crime done in their name. Furthermore, the decapitation took attention away from the Abu Ghraib pictures, which were doing real damage to the U.S. cause. We could still save their cookies by some sort of massive retaliation, but the responsible authorities seem to be handling this in a more controlled way. Finding and prosecuting the speciï ¬ c individuals involved and their accomplices would strengthen the U.S. position signiï ¬ cantly. There are signs that not all the news from Iraq is bad. First, there is measurable progress in restoring the Iraqi infrastructure and providing water, sewers, electricity, oil pipelines, local government, and eventually jobs. [This is where the real war is fought. The soldiers are mostly there to keep the bad guys from interfering with the engineers and t heir work.] Second, the ordinary people of Najf have demonstrated against the religious extremists and in favor of the moderates and of course in favor of peace and quiet. 9/11 This view of terrorists, retaliation, and trust also helps us understand the terrible events of 9/11 and who has proï ¬ ted from the aftermath. The destruction of the World Trade Center and the murder of 3,000 people was a horrifying act that devastated the victims’ families and shook the economy for a while. The symbolic impact on the United States and its effect on our national confidence was massive, but from a military perspective, the blow was not signiï ¬ cant. Compare it with the Pearl Harbor attack in 1941, which crippled the Paciï ¬ c ï ¬â€šeet as we entered a war with Japan. Osama bin Laden’s purpose for the 9/11 attack was (and is) to provoke massive retaliation from the United States against Islam. He hoped that our retaliation would ï ¬ nally unite Islam against the United States as a common enemy and that his vision for a fundamentalist pan-Islamic state would sweep away all the more moderate governments in the region, as well as movements toward a pluralistic culture. In the ï ¬ nal chapter of his book Against All Enemies, Richard Clarke gives an excellent description of the conï ¬â€šict we should have pursued after 9/11 and contrasts it with the wars we actually did pursue. The invasion of Iraq is not only a distraction from more important goals but a provocation that is making Osama bin Laden’s dream come true. The purpose of the original attack was to provoke our retaliation, which would affect primarily the ordinary Islamic people, destroying what trust they had for the United States, and making them more willing to give aid and comfort to the terrorists among them. To a surprising extent, we have fallen right into Osama bin Laden’s trap. The future of the world depends on ï ¬ nding our way out. How to Win the War on Terrorism When terrorists are isolated criminals, viewed with suspicion by the vast majority of the general public, and reported to the authorities when they turn violent, then the war on terrorism has been won. What weapons will it take to win this war? Just as the Maginot Line in France was impotent against Nazi blitzkrieg at the beginning of World War II, purely military tactics and strategy will fail against the terrorists and will even be exploited to their advantage. It appears to me that our current professional military leaders generally understand this point, while our hawkish civilian leaders without military experience generally do not. It’s tempting to think that a war against terrorism can be won by killing all the terrorists. In the real world, this naive plan doesn’t work. A serious attempt to ï ¬ nd and kill all the terrorists also sweeps up many ordinary people, and some of them and their relatives become new terrorists, creating more terrorists than were destroyed. The harder the authorities pursue this strategy, the more it looks like genocide, and the more effectively they recruit new terrorists. The â€Å"weapon† we need is the trust and cooperation of the general population of the country where the terrorists are based. As we have seen, terrorists understand this and use ï ¬ endishly clever strategies for eroding this trust and fomenting resentment and hatred. (Incidentally, most terrorists are not clever enough to invent this. But they read about strategy and tactics in the writings of Mao Tze Tung and Ho Chi Minh, who were. Fortunately, these same sources are required reading for our professional military leaders.) The â€Å"simple† strategy for defeating terrorism is as follows: †¢ Avoid getting killed by them; make clear that overwhelming power is available, but avoid using it. †¢ Gain the trust and cooperation of the general population. †¢ Refute the terrorists’ lies; demonstrate truth and openness to criticism. †¢ Create, publicize, enforce, and obey a simple â€Å"Bill of Rights†; demonstrate evenhandedness in local disputes. †¢ Demonstrate justice, even when treated unjustly; avoid massive retaliation, even when taking casualties. †¢ Visibly work for economic justice for the oppressed. The people will turn the terrorists in for trial and prosecution. Obviously, implementing this strategy is far from simple. There are trade-offs between the actions required to avoid getting killed and the ones needed to gain trust. Since gaining trust is building the â€Å"weapon† that wins the war, however, it takes priority, and one can’t be absolutely safe. Whether you call it nation-building or peace-making, it’s a dangerous line of work, actively opposed by unfriendly people. Avoid Getting Killed Aside from the obvious personal motivation to stay alive, the strategic reason to prevent terrorist attacks is to foil their attempt to provoke massive retaliation. Impotence is the worst-case outcome for a terrorist, not death. We need good enough intelligence to detect and prevent terrorist acts, but this cannot take absolute priority since it trades off against being a free and trustworthy society. Therefore, some attacks will occur, and there will be casualties. It is important for both the terrorists and the general population to understand clearly that terrorist acts cannot possibly defeat our forces militarily. Failing to attend to this point led to disastrous errors by Reagan in Beirut and Clinton in Somalia. Currently in Iraq, terrorists can reasonably conclude that the United States will leave under sufï ¬ cient pressure. They may or may not be correct, but their ability to draw that conclusion is dangerous to us in itself. The hardest part about a war on terrorism comes when a terrorist attack succeeds. The whole point of the attack is to do something horriï ¬ c to provoke massive retaliation. The right response must be measured, deliberate, and appropriate. President Bush’s speech on September 20, 2001, was a brilliant example of the correct response to a successful terrorist attack. (Sadly, he did not stay that particular course, as he and his administration demonstrated their obsession with Iraq.) Gain Trust and Cooperation A measured, deliberate, and appropriate response gains the trust and the cooperation of the people. To do this, we must be trustworthy. It also means that the training of our troops for this kind of war must be very different from past wars. Our soldiers must be more than warriors who kill people and destroy things. They must also serve as community police, and even as social workers and political advisors. News reports from Iraq make it clear that our soldiers are vividly aware of this dual role, and they are vividly aware of the fact that they are well-trained and equipped as warriors but not as community police. Above, I’ve outlined some of the speciï ¬ c methods for building trust and cooperation from the people. †¢ Refute the terrorists’ lies; demonstrate truth and openness to criticism. †¢ Create, publicize, enforce, and obey a simple â€Å"Bill of Rights†; demonstrate evenhandedness in local disputes. †¢ Demonstrate justice, even when treated unjustly; avoid massive retaliation, even when taking casualties. †¢ Visibly work for economic justice for the oppressed. There are surely many other effective methods to be identiï ¬ ed, improved, evaluated, and applied. The People Will Turn in the Terrorists If the people trust the authorities and respect the efforts taken to make their lives secure and safe, they will turn in suspected terrorists, knowing that they will receive fair trials. The Unabomber’s brother turned him in because he was willing to trust the government’s pledge not to seek the death penalty. Terrorists are not merely criminals. Their extremist ideological motivation makes them far more dangerous than even large organized criminal gangs. Even so, to win against terrorism, in the end they must be treated as ordinary criminals. They must be tried and punished, with full legal rights and protections, not for their extremist beliefs, but for their terrorist actions that disrupt the safe conduct of society for ordinary citizens. The Unabomber sits in federal prison for his bombs that killed and maimed. Timothy McVeigh was executed for murder many times over. Their public trials and the public safeguarding of their rights were not out of soft-heartedness or compassion for criminals. They are public ceremonies, reafï ¬ rming the value of law and order in our society. They both represent and cultivate the trust that the people have in their government. That trust is the weapon that defeats terrorism. They cannot stand against it. We must not throw it away. What Should We Do? If we understand which weapons actually work against terrorists and if we understand how terrorists try to destroy our weapons, we can see what we need to do and what we need to avoid doing. We can see why the Abu Ghraib prison photos are so damaging to us. Traditional war is not easy or certain. And the new ways are not easy or certain either. The â€Å"simple† strategy above for defeating terrorism requires great knowledge, cleverness, and wisdom to put into action. War requires discipline. War requires sacriï ¬ ce. War requires restraint at certain times and carefully planned action at others. A war against terrorism is unlike the major wars of the past. If we try to ï ¬ ght like we fought wars in the past, we will lose, and we won’t understand how or why. We need to learn how to ï ¬ ght with new weapons. The alternative is a world of perpetual conï ¬â€šict between opposing groups of extremists, locked in a deadly embrace in which each side conï ¬ rms the beliefs of the other and helps in recruiting more extremists. The ordinary people in the middle, who just want peace and law and order, are repeatedly savaged to cultivate more recruits for one side or the other. This is indeed a â€Å"clash of civilizations† but not between Islam and the West. The clash is between extremists of all kinds on the one side and the forces of pluralism, tolerance, peace, and law and order on the other. Identifying Terrorists as a Diagnosis Problem Consider the problem of identifying terrorists as a problem in diagnosis. Out of a large population, you want to diagnose the very few cases of a rare disease called â€Å"terrorism.† Your diagnostic tests are automated data-mining methods, supervised and checked by humans. (The analogy is sending blood or tissue samples to a laboratory.) This type of diagnostic problem, screening a large population to look for a rare disease, has some very counter-intuitive properties. Suppose the tests are highly accurate and speciï ¬ c: †¢ 99.9% of the time, examining a terrorist, the test says â€Å"terrorist.† †¢ 99.9% of the time, examining an innocent civilian, the test says â€Å"innocent.† Terrorists are rare: let’s say, 250 out of 250 million people in the United States. †¢ When the tests are applied to the terrorists, they will be detected 99.9% of the time, which means that almost certainly 249 will be detected, and with only a 25% chance of missing the last one. Great! †¢ However, out of the remaining 249,999,750 innocent civilians, 99.9% accuracy means 0.1% error, which means that 250,000 of them will be incorrectly labeled â€Å"terrorist.† Uh, oh! (These are called â€Å"false positives.†) The law enforcement problem is now that we have 250,250 people who have been labeled as â€Å"terrorist† by our diagnostic tests. Only about 1 in 1,000 of them is actually a terrorist. If we were mini ng for gold, we would say that the ore has been considerably enriched, since 1 in 1,000 is better than 1 in 1,000,000. There’s still a long way to go, though, before ï ¬ nding a nugget. But we are talking about people’s lives, freedom, and livelihoods here. The consequences to an innocent person of being incorrectly labeled a â€Å"terrorist† (or even â€Å"suspected terrorist†) can be very large. Suppose, out of the innocent people incorrectly labeled â€Å"terrorist,† 1 in 1,000 is sufï ¬ ciently traumatized by the experience so that they, or a relative, actually becomes a terrorist. (This is analogous to catching polio from the polio vaccine: extremely rare, and impossible with killed-virus vaccine, but a real phenomenon.) In this case, even after catching all 250 original terrorists, 250 new ones have been created by the screening process! The numbers I’ve used give a break-even scenario, but 99.9% accuracy and speciï ¬ city is unrealistically high. More realistic numbers make the problem worse. Nobody knows what fraction of people traumatized as innocent victims of a government process are seriously radicalized. One in 1,000 is an uninformed guess, but the number could be signiï ¬ cantly higher. A mass screening process like this is very likely to have costs that are much higher than the beneï ¬ ts, even restricting the costs to â€Å"number of free terrorists† as I have done here. Adding costs in dollars and the suffering of innocents just makes it harder to reach the break-even level. Ask your neighborhood epidemiologist to conï ¬ rm this analysis. It is applied routinely to public health policy and applies no less to seeking out terrorists. There are alternative ways to detect and defend against terrorists. Mass screening for something very rare is seriously questionable in terms of costs and beneï ¬ ts, exactly because the true positives can be completely swamped by the false positives. The Seeds of War (A Parable) I offer a parable to illustrate the seeds of war. The point of this is not to say that the West is somehow responsible for terrorism. Obviously, the terrorists are responsible, and they must be brought to justice; however, we need to understand the mechanisms in place that feed terrorism and that would be invoked by certain types of retaliation. It makes no sense to act without understanding the context. The purpose of this parable is to provide intuition about one such mechanism. Written 10/2/2001 in the aftermath of September 11. Think about the aftermaths of Afghanistan and Iraq, too. To ï ¬ ght terrorism, you must know where it comes from. Imagine that you and your family live in a really bad neighborhood. You struggle every day to make ends meet. You try to keep your children safe from the criminals who live in your area. You work hard to teach your children to be good people, and to live right, even though they are surrounded by examples of people who get rich through immoral ity and crime. You go to church with your neighbors and try to support each other in the same struggle, since the odds against each of you are overwhelming, but together you may have a slightly better chance. You watch TV, and you see rich people in the suburbs who have everything you ever wanted, who worry about crabgrass in the lawn instead of gunï ¬ re in the street. You work two jobs at minimum wage, hating the fact that your children are home alone, while the people on TV complain about the high cost of gas for the SUV to take the kids to soccer games. You and the members of your church tell each other and try to believe that different people have different lots in life, and each follows his or her own path to salvation. Meanwhile, on TV, you hear the people in the suburbs complaining about how all the people in your neighborhood are criminals and lazy and should be run out of town. You try hard to remember that they don’t understand and to forgive them. Then, one day, a really terrible crime is committed by a gang from your neighborhood. A bomb goes off in the suburbs, and many innocent people are killed. You are shocked, and your heart goes out to the families who are suffering. A few of your meaner-hearted neighbors say that they are glad that the suburbs now know what it’s like. You shut them up, telling them to have compassion for anyone who suffers. A few particularly foolish kids dance in the street and show up on the evening news. Your church holds a prayer service for the victims of the bomb. The police barricade the streets around your neighborhood and won’t let any of you out, though a few sneak past. On TV, you hear some of the rich people in the suburbs say they want to bomb your entire neighborhood to kill the whole gang. If that also kills innocent people like you and your family, well, that’s too bad, they say. How do you feel? What do you do? Now, suppose the police actually do bomb your neighborhood. The bombs kill your parents, your wife, your daughters, and your sons. In your family, the only survivors are you and your youngest son. How do you feel? What do you do? Benjamin Kuipers, PhD, holds an endowed professorship in computer sciences at the University of Texas at Austin. He investigates the representation of commonsense and expert knowledge with particular emphasis on the effective use of incomplete knowledge. He received his BA from Swarthmore College, and his PhD from MIT. He is a fellow of AAAI and IEEE and has served as department chairman.

Hunger and Poverty Essay -- essays research papers

Hunger and Poverty Hunger and Poverty During the course of this particular essay, I will prove to you many points. Maybe not to the extreme that it will change one’s thought processes on the subject of hunger and world poverty, but enough to form a distinction between moral obligation and moral capacity. What I will not mention is the fact that Peter Singer’s outdated material (1971), though thorough in the sense of supporting his view on hunger and world poverty as well as examining this school of thought, is unconvincing to say the least. As our recent past has shown us, using Somalia and Rwanda as models, no amount of money or time on earth can come between a civil war. Terrible things happen, innocent people are slain in the names of either freedom or captivity, and land is destroyed, burned by the flames of either righteousness or wrath. But placing the burden of attempting to heal these wounds on the â€Å"well off† is not only immoral in itself, it is crazy. To consider an a ct a moral obligation, it must have an end that fits within the realm of reason. If someone is obligated to do something, then the purpose of that action holds meaning, therefore making the act a meaningful act. A characteristic of a meaningful act is a justifiably important end, that is, an end that which holds a higher purpose than the action against the obligated act. One can argue, using history as an example, that ending world poverty and hunger is not a reasonable goal. Singer uses the term â€Å"mora... Hunger and Poverty Essay -- essays research papers Hunger and Poverty Hunger and Poverty During the course of this particular essay, I will prove to you many points. Maybe not to the extreme that it will change one’s thought processes on the subject of hunger and world poverty, but enough to form a distinction between moral obligation and moral capacity. What I will not mention is the fact that Peter Singer’s outdated material (1971), though thorough in the sense of supporting his view on hunger and world poverty as well as examining this school of thought, is unconvincing to say the least. As our recent past has shown us, using Somalia and Rwanda as models, no amount of money or time on earth can come between a civil war. Terrible things happen, innocent people are slain in the names of either freedom or captivity, and land is destroyed, burned by the flames of either righteousness or wrath. But placing the burden of attempting to heal these wounds on the â€Å"well off† is not only immoral in itself, it is crazy. To consider an a ct a moral obligation, it must have an end that fits within the realm of reason. If someone is obligated to do something, then the purpose of that action holds meaning, therefore making the act a meaningful act. A characteristic of a meaningful act is a justifiably important end, that is, an end that which holds a higher purpose than the action against the obligated act. One can argue, using history as an example, that ending world poverty and hunger is not a reasonable goal. Singer uses the term â€Å"mora...

Following Assignment

Please answer the following questions, you can upload your answers In a MS Word flee, or Word file. Answer all the questions, and upload the answers back before Sunday March 31, 2013 (before 11: 55 pm): 1 . Differentiate between guided media and unguided media 2. What are three important characteristics of a periodic signal 3. Define fundamental frequency 4. What Is attenuation? 5. Describe the components of optical fiber cable. 6. Indicate some significant differences between broadcast radio and microwave. 7. What Is the difference between diffraction and scattering? . Last and briefly define important factors that can be used in evaluating or comparing the various digital-to- digital encoding techniques. 9. What function does a modem perform? 10. What Is JAM? Differentiate between guided media and unguided media Gulled media Is that where we use any path for communication like cables (coaxial, fiber optic, twisted pair) etc. Unguided media is also called wireless where not any phys ical path is used for transmission. What are three important characteristics of a periodic signal?Period (or frequency), amplitude and phase. All periodic signals can be broken down into other signals†¦ Cost commonly Selene/coolness waves, but there are others too. These components will each have their own frequency, amplitude and phase that combine into the original signal. The strange part of the question is the phase. A signal on its own does not have a phase unless you provide some reference signal to compare it to. Generally, this comparison signal Is Implied by the context of your particular situation.When you decompose a periodic signal into components, however, it is almost always implied that the phase of each component is in reference to the fundamental component (So the fundamental has phase O. Hill the others have phases referenced to that). This is done specifically so that each component will combine to create the original signal. Define fundamental frequency. Wha t Is attenuation? The fundamental frequency, often referred to simply as the fundamental, is defined as the lowest frequency of a periodic waveform.In terms of a superposition of sinusoids The fundamental frequency Is the lowest frequency sinusoidal in the sum. In some contexts, the fundamental is usually abbreviated as of (or IF), indicating the lowest frequency counting from zero. In other contexts, it is more common to abbreviate It as FL, the first harmonic. The second harmonic Is then if = off, etc. In this context, the zeros harmonic would be O Hz's. )All sinusoidal and many non-sinusoidal waveforms are periodic, which Is to say they repeat exactly over time. Describes the signal completely.We can show a waveform is periodic by finding some period T for which the following equation is true: Reduction of signal strength during transmission. Attenuation is the opposite of amplification, and is normal when a signal is sent from one point to another. Describe the components of opt ical fiber cable. An optical fiber is a flexible, transparent fiber made of glass (silica) or plastic, slightly hickey than a human hair. It functions as a waveguide, or â€Å"light pipe†, to transmit light between the two ends of the fiber.The field of applied science and engineering concerned with the design and application of optical fibers is known as fiber optics. Optical fibers are widely used in fiber-optic communications, which permits transmission over longer distances and at higher bandwidths (data rates) than other forms of communication. Fibers are used instead of metal wires because signals travel along them with less loss and are also immune to electromagnetic interference. Fibers are also used for illumination, and are wrapped in bundles so that they may be used to carry images, thus allowing viewing in confined spaces.Specially designed fibers are used for a variety of other applications, including sensors and fiber lasers. Indicate some significant difference s between broadcast radio and microwave. FL Radio is about 50 Kilohertz to 400 Kilohertz. AM Broadcast Band Radio is about 500 Kilohertz to 1600 Kilohertz. And microwave begins around 2000 Mesh and goes up thru. Some frequency ranges like 26,000 Mesh in allocated bands, depending upon the type of service you're operating. What is the difference between diffraction and scattering?Diffraction is a phenomenon observed only in waves, but scattering is a phenomenon observed in both waves and particles. Diffraction is a property of propagation of waves, whereas scattering is a property of wave interactions. Diffraction can be taken as evidence for the wave nature of light. Some forms of scattering (Compton scattering) can be taken as evidence for the particle nature of light. List and briefly define important factors that can be used in evaluating or comparing the various digital-to-digital encoding techniques. Digital signals don't have large ranges, nor do they reflect constant activity .Digital signals have very few values. Each signal is unique from a previous digital value and unique from one to come. In effect, a digital signal is a snapshot of a condition and does not represent continual movement In comparing analog and digital signals, advantages lie on either end of the spectrum. Analog signals suffer far less from attenuation over long distances. This rather makes sense. Since digital data can only be a 1 or O, what happens when a signal becomes so weak that it is hard to distinguish between each state? Sometimes we Just can't.Analog devices, on the other hand, are equipped to handle the infinite values between 1 and O. Digital devices are a lot less sophisticated, meaning that they are fairly easy to manufacture and cost-effective. In addition, bandwidths than analog systems do. What function does a modem perform? The function of a modem is Modulation and Demodulation mean to turn data into a format that can be transmitted via an audio link such as a phone line. A modem at the other side of the connection answers the phone and converts the audio back into sable data.This is why if you lift a phone while the modem is in use there appears to be random noise on the line, this noise is the data in audio What JAM? JAM stands for Quadrate Amplitude Modulation. It's a modulation scheme that transmits data by changing the amplitude of two carrier waves. The two carrier waves are out of phase with each other by 90 degrees. Digital Cable uses JAM to transmit the majority of their signals. Two major JAM schemes are GAMMA and GAMMA. GAMMA contains data throughput around 28 Mbps, where GAMMA has data throughput of 38. 8 Mbps.